Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics - Charged Particles

 Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics - Charged Particles

E-Book Overview

Methods of Experimental Physics now has Experimental Methods in Physical Sciences. The name change is a reflection of the modern science. This volume is one of three that will give a complete treatment of key experimental methods in atomic and molecular physics. Together, the three volumes will be an excellent experimental guide for the field. This volume covers many new experimental techniques that have been developed due to the widespread availability of tunable-lasers in recent years. To ensure the volume is a complete reference for the field, traditional methods are also included. Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge Tennessee, 37831-6377 J. L. EERSKINE (209) Department ofPhysics University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 Timothy J GAY (231), Department of Physics and Astronomy. University of Nebraska Lincoln, Nebraska 68588 PETERW. HARLAND (321), Chemistry Department University of Canterbury, Christchurch (New Zealand GEORGE C. KING(189), Department ofphysics andAstronomy University of Manchester Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom HUGHA. KLEIN(3491), National Physical Laboratory Teddington Middlesex TW l.l O L W., United Kingdom ROSCOEE MARRS (391), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Livermore (California 94550 THOMASJ). MEGO(421), Keithley Instruments, Inc., Solon, Ohio 44139 A. P. MILLS,JR. (39), AT&T Bell Laboratories Murray Hill New Jersey 07974 PATRIKSPANEL (273), Department of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Physics University of Keele Stoke-on-Trent St4 7QB United Kingdom RONALDA PHANEUF (169), Department of Physics University of Nevada, Reno. Reno. Nevada 89557-0058 DANIELT PIERCE (I), Electron Physics Group of National Institute of Standards and Technology Gaithersburg MD 20899 KENSMITH (253), Departments of Physics and Space Physics, Rice University Houston, Texas 77005 DAVIDSMITH (2731), Department of Biomedical Engineering and Medical

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CONTRIBUTORS

Physics, University of Keele Stoke-on-Trent St4 7QB. United Kingdom ROBERTS VAN DYCK, JR. (363), Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 C. R. VANE (299) Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 377317377 JOHN R. WISON (437), Stanford Research Systems, Inc., Sunnyvale, California 94089

PREFACE

The field of atomic and molecular physics has experienced a rapid and exciting growth since 1967's publication of "Atomic Sources and Detectors." Volumes 4A and4B were published. The development of new sources like the laser has fueled a lot of scientific and technological advances that have transformed science, technology, everyday life, and much more. You can see this in the stark difference in content between 1967 and present volumes. The content of the present volumes is not the same as the 1967 volumes. However, for conventional electron sources the older volumes are still a useful resource for researchers. Barry Dunning and Randy Hulet carefully selected the topics for the current volumes and have given us a coherent explanation of the ways in which atomic, optical, and molecular physics is done today. We salute them on their contribution to the scientific literature. The current volume marks a pivotal moment in this series. The series will now be called Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences, instead of Methods of Experimental Physics. The new name reflects the multidisciplinary nature of science, technology and engineering. The change allows us, for instance, to extend our series into exciting areas of applied physics or technology. This volume is intended to be a valuable resource for anyone embarking upon a program in applied research. We will outline the experimental methods used. Such a volume could be helpful to scientists working in industry as well as those who have previously focused on more academic issues but are looking to expand their research into an applied area. We welcome the opportunity to create a useful and important series of volumes that can be used by all researchers involved in today’s broad research fields. Robert J. Celotta Thomas B. Lucatorto xv. the beauty of flying no fees to play no territories to protect no bombardions of rivals